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Pat’s 2020 Bird List, Mostly from Costa Rica

10,000 Birds

Black-bellied Plover – Pluvialis squatarola; Punta Morales, 10-Jan. Wilson’s Plover – Charadrius wilsonia; Punta Morales, 10-Jan. Semipalmated Plover – Charadrius semipalmatus; Punta Morales, 10-Jan. Long-billed Curlew – Numenius americanus; Punta Morales, 10-Jan. Cattle Egret – Bubulcus ibis; Tambor, 3-Jan.

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J. J. C. Smart on the Moral Elite

Animal Ethics

Let us think of the more moral members of society as a moral elite, much as the generality of scientists form a scientific elite. I hope I do not need to stress that such a moral elite must not be confused with a social or intellectual elite. I am myself not so heroic. I eat eggs though they may come from battery hens.

Morals 40
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Moral Vegetarianism, Part 11 of 13

Animal Ethics

For an explanation of this feature, click on “Moral Vegetarianism” at the bottom of this post. The Argument from Human Grain Shortage All of the clearly moral arguments for vegetarianism given so far have been in terms of animal rights and suffering. It is argued that beef cattle and hogs are protein factories in reserve.

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Moral Vegetarianism, Part 4 of 13

Animal Ethics

For an explanation of this feature, click on “Moral Vegetarianism” at the bottom of this post. For example, if one could pick up shed animal legs in a pasture in which animals roam freely among their own kind, there might be no moral objection to eating the legs. Suppose someone enjoys drinking the blood of cattle and hogs.

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Philip E. Devine on Vegetarianism

Animal Ethics

There are two approaches a vegetarian might take in arguing that rearing and killing animals for food is morally offensive. He might argue that eating animals is morally bad because of the pain inflicted on animals in rearing and killing them to be eaten. Or he could object to the killing itself.

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Gardner Williams (1895-1972) on Wronging Animals

Animal Ethics

Its validity is limited by other moral imperatives. The interests in nourishment and in gustatory pleasure lead man to kill and eat cattle, fish, and fowl. This cuts down on the long-range satisfactions of the cattle, the fish, and the fowl. But sound reason denies that love is the whole duty of man. But few people do this.

Lamb 40
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Henry S. Salt (1851-1939) on the Wastefulness of Meat-Eating

Animal Ethics

For pastoralism belongs rightly to another and earlier phase of the world's economics, and as civilisation spreads it becomes more and more an anachronism, as surely as flesh-eating, by a corresponding change, becomes an anachronism in morals. Henry S.

Meat 40