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Referring to Animals

Animal Ethics

Mark Spahn, a longtime reader of my AnalPhilosopher blog, thinks it’s question-begging to use “who” (instead of “that”) to refer to animals. The question (presumably) is whether animals have moral status, i.e., whether the interests of animals must be taken into account in our deliberations. My usage reflects my belief.

Morals 40
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From the Mailbag

Animal Ethics

It was the first lecture series of its kind in german speaking world organized by the members of the Interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgemeinschaft Tierethik (literally “Interdisciplinary Study Group on Animal Ethics”) – an initiative of students. The results of the lectures are written down in this book.

Germany 40
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From the Mailbag

Animal Ethics

Example: A reference to "still undemocratic Iraq" makes the assertion that eventually Iraq will be democratic. Using the human-appropriate relative pronoun "who" to refer to an animal is a planted assertion that animals should be considered in the same way that humans are considered.

Iraq 40
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From Today's New York Times

Animal Ethics

6): I was disappointed that you dignified the “harvest” (a classic euphemism) with high-tech bows and arrows of tule elk in California on the front page with references to the “sport” and compliance with “an ethical code known as Fair Chase.”

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Philip E. Devine on the Vegetarian's Dilemma

Animal Ethics

On the other hand, all the non-utilitarian principles which have been put forward turn out on inspection to have reference only to human beings. That the argument may appear cynical is no concern of the utilitarian, who is forced by his moral theory to admit the relevance of even the most cynical-seeming arguments. Philip E.

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J. Baird Callicott on Environmental Ethics

Animal Ethics

An imagined society in which all animals capable of sensibility received equal consideration or held rights to equal consideration would be so ludicrous that it might be more appropriately and effectively treated in satire than in philosophical discussion.

Ethics 40
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Philip E. Devine on the Overflow Principle

Animal Ethics

Animal pain will be bad in itself, apart from any consequence of that pain to human beings, but the badness of that pain will derive from a moral principle whose ultimate reference is to persons. Thus the ethics proposed here is anthropocentric (or person-centred) though only mildly so.

Morals 40