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WPAs: America’s Duck Factories

10,000 Birds

Birders are familiar with the National Wildlife Refuge System, which consists of more than 550 units distributed through all fifty states. National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs), which are managed by the U.S. The region has justifiably been referred to as the “Duck Factory of North America.” Ding” Darling NWR in Florida.

Factory 116
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Threatened Birds of Nanhui, Shanghai

10,000 Birds

This means that every year, millions of birds fly by the city on their way between their breeding grounds in Northern Asia and their wintering spots in Southeast Asia and Australia. A former World Wildlife reserve in Nanhui was simply turned into agricultural land.

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J. Baird Callicott on Factory Farms

Animal Ethics

From the perspective of the land ethic, the immoral aspect of the factory farm has to do far less with the suffering and killing of nonhuman animals than with the monstrous transformation of living things from an organic to a mechanical mode of being. That immoral something is the transmogrification of organic to mechanical processes. (