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J. J. C. Smart on the Moral Elite

Animal Ethics

This last implies of course an improvement in ethics, as opposed to morality, as I have defined it, unless we already understand 'Do as you would be done by' as applicable to whales, cattle, chickens, and so on, as it is to human beings. Smart , "Ethics and Science," Philosophy 56 [October 1981]: 449-65, at 453 [italics in original])

Morals 40
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From Today's New York Times

Animal Ethics

Not in words, of course, but they can answer in ways that we can understand if we are paying attention. The idea that eggs from free-range chickens are somehow morally superior to other eggs is, frankly, weird. To the Editor: Re “ Don’t Presume to Know a Pig’s Mind ” (Op-Ed, Feb. But we can ask, and they can answer.