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J. J. C. Smart on the Moral Elite

Animal Ethics

Moreover at present I see no moral objection to eating the flesh of free range cattle, which seem to me to have a happy life which they would not have at all if they were not destined to be eaten. Smart , "Ethics and Science," Philosophy 56 [October 1981]: 449-65, at 453 [italics in original])

Morals 40
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From Today's New York Times

Animal Ethics

Mr. Hurst flippantly questions the ability to measure a pig’s happiness, but sound science—not to mention common sense—clearly establishes that mother pigs locked in gestation crates with so little space that they cannot turn around for most of their lives do indeed suffer. JILLIAN PARRY FRY Baltimore, Feb.

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From Today's New York Times

Animal Ethics

2, 2009 The writer is dean of the College of Natural, Applied and Health Sciences at Kean University. A “free range” bird eats insects, as well as plants, so it gets more nutrition out of the same amount of land than do her cattle, which eat only the grass. Toney Union, N.J., Indeed, in Ms. They also help with pest control.