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The Economic Impact of Birding on National Wildlife Refuges: Creating Local Jobs

10,000 Birds

Activities such as hunting, fishing, and trapping are categorized as “consumptive” uses. In contrast, consumptive uses were minor: fishing accounted for 10 percent and hunting was just 4 percent. Bear River MBR (Utah): 158,000 visits generating $4.1 Lee Metcalf NWR (Montana): 178,000; $4.5 Billy Frank Jr. million; 412.

Wildlife 238
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Duck Stamps and the Best National Wildlife Refuges for Birding

10,000 Birds

A “ Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp ,” more commonly known as the “Duck Stamp” currently costs $25 and income from sales goes into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund (“MBCF”). Bear River MBR (Utah): 36.9%. Lee Metcalf NWR (Montana): 96.3%. The longer answer is below. Aransas NWR (Texas): 42.7%. Billy Frank Jr.

Ducks 203
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Visitors on the Range

10,000 Birds

Besides the American bison that the refuge was founded to protect, there are pronghorns, elk, bighorn sheep, mule and white-tailed deer, and black bears. This was not a very successful prank, especially since we had just encountered a large cinnamon-colored black bear which was much more interesting, even to a birder.