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Vagrancy in Birds: A Book Review

10,000 Birds

Less and Gilroy sort through the exogenous (external) and endogenous (internal) factors thought to cause vagrancy and the scientific experiments that have sought to prove their significance with patience and plain language as well as charts and photographs. It’s not always easy reading.

Birds 263
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Field Guide to North American Flycatchers: Empidonax and Pewees–A Field Guide Review

10,000 Birds

.” They conclude that many non-vocalizing Empidonax flycatchers can be identified in the field, but only “when several field characters are used in combination–and after one has gained experience in looking at these characters on singing/calling and captive birds (i.e., known-identity).”**