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Gardner Williams (1895-1972) on Wronging Animals

Animal Ethics

The interests in nourishment and in gustatory pleasure lead man to kill and eat cattle, fish, and fowl. This cuts down on the long-range satisfactions of the cattle, the fish, and the fowl. That is, they contribute to increasing, in the long run, the quantity of satisfaction which an individual experiences.

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From Today's New York Times

Animal Ethics

1, 2009 To the Editor: As an ethics instructor who aims to inspire my students to think about the connections between their values and daily practices, I found Nicolette Hahn Niman’s article disappointing. Niman’s argument amounts to lowering an ethical standard to fit the demands of our meat-centric culture and Western privilege.

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Moral Vegetarianism, Part 3 of 13

Animal Ethics

Most moral vegetarians list fish and fowl as animals one should not eat. If beef cattle who could not feel pain were developed, then it would be permissible to eat them. KBJ: Martin seems to think that people who abstain from meat on the ground that meat-eating causes pain would not eat “beef cattle” even if they could not feel pain.

Morals 40