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The North American Model of Wildlife Conservation and Who Pays for It

10,000 Birds

A new willingness among scientists to consider certain moral and ethical implications with respect to wild animals, where previously utilitarian ideas prevailed, including ideas of intrinsic value. As a consequence, “people should treat all creatures decently, and protect them from cruelty, avoidable suffering, and unnecessary killing.”

Wildlife 250
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Steven M. Wise on Legal Rights for Animals

Animal Ethics

In 2002 the German Parliament amended Article 26 of the Basic Law to give nonhuman animals the right to be “respected as fellow creatures” and to be protected from “avoidable pain.” In the United States, most believe that gaining personhood is much more probable through legislative enactment than through a constitutional change.

Rights 40
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Tom Regan on Rights

Animal Ethics

The legal rights individuals have arise as the result of the creative activity of human beings. The concept of moral rights differs in important ways from that of legal rights. The concept of moral rights differs in important ways from that of legal rights. First, moral rights, if there are any, are universal.

Rights 40