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The North American Model of Wildlife Conservation and Who Pays for It

10,000 Birds

The system was intended as a hunter-centric model, both guided by and benefitting consumptive interests. Thomas Serfass, a professor at Maryland’s Frostburg State University says, “I would describe the North American Model as incomplete. New Ideas In Conservation. Consumptive & Non-consumptive Users.

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The Economic Impact of Birding on National Wildlife Refuges: Creating Local Jobs

10,000 Birds

Critically, NWRs preserve habitat and wildlife, often for endangered species. For example, even if nobody visited Aransas NWR in Texas, it would still provide virtually all of the wintering habitat for the endangered Whooping Crane. Unlike most of the other units in the study, however, most visits were from hunters.).

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